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I was there before him

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1 before

before [bɪˈfɔ:^r]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When before is an element in a phrasal verb, eg go before, look up the verb.

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1. preposition

   a. (time) avant

• I got there before you je suis arrivé avant vous

• the day before yesterday avant-hier m

• he came the year before last il est venu il y a deux ans

• the day before their departure la veille de leur départ

• you should have done it before now vous devriez l'avoir déjà fait

• before long d'ici peu

• before doing sth avant de faire qch

   b. (place, position) devant

• he stood before me il était devant moi

• before my (very) eyes sous mes (propres) yeux

• the task before him la tâche qui l'attend

• to appear before a court/a judge comparaître devant un tribunal/un juge

2. adverb

   a. (time) avant

• he should have told me before il aurait dû me le dire avant

• the day before la veille

• the evening before la veille au soir

• the week before la semaine d'avant

• two days before deux jours plus tôt

• I had read it before je l'avais déjà lu

• I said before that... j'ai déjà dit que...

• it has never happened before c'est la première fois que cela arrive

• long before longtemps auparavant

• to continue as before faire comme par le passé

   b. (order) avant

• that chapter and the one before ce chapitre et celui d'avant

3. conjunction

(time) avant de + infin, avant que (+ ne) + subj

• I did it before going out je l'ai fait avant de sortir

• go and see him before he goes allez le voir avant qu'il (ne) parte

• I'd finished before he arrived j'avais fini avant qu'il n'arrive

• before I come/go/return avant mon arrivée/mon départ/mon retour

• it will be a long time before he comes again il ne reviendra pas de sitôt

* * *
[bɪ'fɔː(r)] 1.
preposition

1) ( earlier than) avant

the day before yesterday — avant-hier

the day before the exam — la veille de l'examen

I was there the week before last — j'y étais il y a deux semaines

six weeks before then — six semaines avant or auparavant

before long it will be winter — ce sera bientôt l'hiver

not before time! — ce n'est pas trop tôt!

2) (in order, sequence) avant

G comes before H in the alphabet — dans l'alphabet le G est avant le H

the page before this one — la page précédente

3) (in importance, priority) avant

for him, work comes before everything else — pour lui le travail passe avant tout

4) ( this side of) avant

turn left before the crossroads — tournez à gauche avant le carrefour

5) US ( in time expressions)

ten before six — six heures moins dix

6) ( in front of) devant

she appeared before them — elle est apparue devant eux

before our very eyes — sous nos propres yeux

to appear before a court — comparaître devant un tribunal

to bring a bill before parliament — présenter un projet de loi au parlement

7) ( confronting) face à

these are the alternatives before us — voici les choix qui s'offrent à nous

the task before us — la tâche qui nous attend
2.
adjective précédent

the day before — la veille

the week/year before — la semaine/l'année précédente
3.
adverb ( at an earlier time) avant

long before — bien avant

two months before — deux mois auparavant

have you been to India before? — est-ce que tu es déjà allé en Inde?

I've never been there before — je n'y suis jamais allé

I've never seen him before in my life — c'est la première fois que je le vois
4.
conjunction

1) ( in time)

before I go, I would like to say that — avant de partir, je voudrais dire que

before he goes, I must remind him that — avant qu'il parte, il faut que je lui rappelle que

it was some time before she was able to walk again — il lui a fallu un certain temps pour pouvoir marcher de nouveau

oh, before I forget... — avant que j'oublie...

2) ( rather than) plutôt que

he would die before betraying that secret — il mourrait plutôt que de révéler ce secret

3) ( or else)

get out of here before I call the police! — sortez d'ici ou j'appelle la police!

4) ( as necessary condition) pour que (+ subj)

you have to show your ticket before they'll let you in — il faut que tu montres ton ticket pour qu'ils te laissent entrer

••

before you could say Jack Robinson — en moins de deux (colloq)

before you know where you are... — on n'a pas le temps de dire ouf que...

English-French dictionary > before
2 before

before ⇒ Usage note: before

A prep

1 ( earlier than) avant ; the day before yesterday avant-hier ; the day before the interview la veille de l'entretien ; I was there the week before last j'y étais il y a deux semaines ; they hadn't met since before the war ils ne s'étaient pas vus depuis avant la guerre ; it should have been done before now ça aurait dû être fait avant ; phone if you need me before then téléphonez-moi si vous avez besoin de moi avant ; six weeks before then six semaines avant or auparavant ; she became a doctor, like her mother before her elle est devenue médecin comme sa mère ; before long it will be winter ce sera bientôt l'hiver ; before long, he was speaking Spanish fluently très vite, il parlait l'espagnol couramment ; not before time! ce n'est pas trop tôt! ; it was long before your time c'était bien avant ta naissance ;

2 (in order, sequence, hierarchy) avant ; G comes before H in the alphabet dans l'alphabet le G est avant le H ; your name comes before mine on the list sur la liste ton nom est avant le mien ; the page before this one la page précédente ;

3 (in importance, priority) avant ; to put quality before quantity placer la qualité avant la quantité ; for him, work comes before everything else pour lui le travail passe avant tout ; should we place our needs before theirs? devrions-nous accorder plus d'importance à nos besoins qu'aux leurs? ; ladies before gentlemen honneur aux dames ;

4 ( this side of) avant ; turn left before the crossroads tournez à gauche avant le carrefour ;

5 ⇒ The clock US ( in time expressions) ten before six six heures moins dix ;

6 ( in front of) devant ; she appeared before them elle est apparue devant eux ; the desert stretched out before them le désert s'étendait devant eux ; before our very eyes sous nos propres yeux ; they fled before the invader ils ont fui devant l'envahisseur ;

7 ( in the presence of) devant ; he was brought before the king on l'a amené devant le roi ; to appear before a court comparaître devant un tribunal ; to put proposals before a committee présenter des projets à une commission ; to bring a bill before parliament présenter un projet de loi au parlement ;

8 ( confronting) face à ; they were powerless before such resistance ils étaient impuissants face à une telle résistance ; these are the alternatives before us voici les choix qui s'offrent à nous ; the task before us la tâche qui nous attend.

B adj précédent ; the day before la veille ; the week/the year before la semaine/l'année précédente ; this page and the one before cette page et la précédente.

C adv ( at an earlier time) avant ; as before comme avant ; before and after avant et après ; he had been there two months before il y était allé deux mois auparavant ; have you been to India before? est-ce que tu es déjà allé en Inde? ; I've never been there before je n'y suis jamais allé ; haven't we met before? on s'est déjà rencontré, il me semble? ; I've never seen him before in my life c'est la première fois que je le vois ; it's never happened before c'est la première fois que ça arrive ; long before bien avant.

D conj

1 ( in time) before I go, I would like to say that avant de partir, je voudrais dire que ; before he goes, I must remind him that avant qu'il parte, il faut que je lui rappelle que ; it was some time before she was able to walk again il lui a fallu un certain temps pour pouvoir marcher de nouveau ; before I had time to realize what was happening, he… avant que j'aie eu le temps de comprendre ce qui se passait, il… ; it will be years before I earn that much money! je ne gagnerai pas autant d'argent avant des années! ; oh, before I forget, did you remember to post that letter? avant que j'oublie, est-ce que tu as pensé à envoyer cette lettre? ;

2 ( rather than) plutôt que ; he would die before betraying that secret il mourrait plutôt que de révéler ce secret ;

3 (otherwise, or else) get out of here before I call the police! sortez d'ici ou j'appelle la police! ;

4 ( as necessary condition) pour que (+ subj) ; you have to show your ticket before they'll let you in il faut que tu montres ton ticket pour qu'ils te laissent entrer.

Idioms

before you could say Jack Robinson en moins de temps qu'il ne faut pour le dire, en moins de deux ○ ; before you know where you are… on n'a pas le temps de dire ouf que…

Big English-French dictionary > before
3 there

there adv allí / allá / ahí

don't just stand there, do something no te quedes ahí parado, haz algo

there's a castle over there ahí hay un castillo

there is / there are hay

there is a lion in the garden hay un león en el jardín

there were six of us éramos seis

there

tr[ðeə^SMALLr/SMALL]

adverb

1 allí, allá, ahí

■ I often go there on holiday voy de vacaciones allí a menudo

■ don't just sit there, do something no te quedes ahí sentado, haz algo

■ it's over there, on the table está por allí, en la mesa

■ look at that man over there mira a aquel hombre de allí

■ I went there and back fui hasta allí y volví

■ let's leave it there dejémoslo ahí

■ there he comes ahí viene

2 (in discussion) acerca de eso

■ I agree with you there estoy de acuerdo contigo en eso

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

not to be all there faltarle a uno un tornillo

there and then en el momento

there is/are, etc→ link=be be{

there you are aquí tiene

there you go ya está

there you go again ya empiezas otra vez

there, there vamos, venga, ya está

there ['ðær] adv

1) : ahí, allí, allá

stand over there: párate ahí

over there: por allí, por allá

who's there?: ¿quién es?

2) : ahí, en esto, en eso

there is where we disagree: en eso es donde no estamos de acuerdo

there pron

1) (introducing a sentence or clause)

there comes a time to decide: llega un momento en que tiene uno que decidir

2)

there is, there are : hay

there are many children here: aquí hay muchos niños

there's a good hotel downtown: hay un buen hotel en el centro

there

adv.

• acullá adv.

• ahí adv.

• allá adv.

• allí adv.

I ðer, ðeə(r)
adverb

1)

a) ( close to person being addressed) ahí; ( further away) allí, ahí (esp AmL); (less precise, further) allá

what have you got there? — ¿qué tienes ahí?

up/down there — ahí arriba/abajo

you there! — (colloq) oye, tú! (fam), che(, vos)! (RPl fam)

there's the train! — ahí viene el tren!

to have been there (before) — (colloq)

I know what it's like, I've been there before — ya sé lo que es, a mí también me ha tocado pasar por eso

b) (in phrases)

there and then: they solved it for me there and then me lo resolvieron en el acto or en el momento; I made up my mind there and then to ask her en ese mismo momento me decidí a pedírselo; so there! — (colloq) para que sepas! (fam)

2) (calling attention to something, pointing something out etc)

there's the bell, it must be her! — el timbre! debe de ser ella

there you are — ( giving something) aquí tiene

there we are: that's that done! — ya está! listo!

it's a pity, but there we o you are — es una lástima pero así son las cosas

there he goes: politics again! — ya está otra vez con la política!

there go my chances of promotion! — adiós ascenso!

eat it all up, theres a good boy — vamos, comételo todo así me gusta!

3)

a) ( present)

lots of his friends were there — estaban muchos de sus amigos

who's there? — ( at the door) ¿quién es?; ( in the dark) ¿quién anda ahí?

is Tony there? — ¿está Tony?

not to be all there — (colloq)

he's not all there — le falta un tornillo (fam), no está bien de la cabeza (fam)

b) ( at destination)

they should be there by now — ya deben de haber llegado

4)

a) ( at that point)

he went on from there to become a director — de ahí pasó a ser director

b) ( at that point)

you're right there — ahí or en eso tienes razón

5) (as interj)

a) ( when action is complete)

there! that's the last of the boxes — listo! ésa es la última caja

b) (coaxing, soothing)

there, there, don't cry! — vamos or (Esp tb) venga or (Méx tb) ándale, no llores

there now! see how easy it is? — ahí está ¿ves qué fácil es?

II ðer weak form ðər, ðeə(r) weak form ðə(r)
pronoun

there is/are — hay

there was — había/hubo

there will be — habrá

there was nobody there — no había nadie

once upon a time there was a princess — érase una vez una princesa

there were two demonstrations last week — hubo dos manifestaciones la semana pasada

there's no sugar left — no queda azúcar, se ha acabado el azúcar

there comes a time when... — llega un momento en el que...

1. [ðɛǝ(r)]
ADV
1) (place) (=there near you) ahí; (less precisely) allí; (further away) allá

put it there, on the table — ponlo ahí, en la mesa

when we left there — cuando partimos de allí

I don't know how to get there — no sé cómo llegar allí

there he is! — ¡allí está!

there's the bus — ahí viene el autobús, ya viene el autobús

there we were, stuck — así que nos encontramos allí sin podernos mover

• to go there and back — ir y volver

12 kilometres there and back — 12 kilómetros ida y vuelta

we left him back there at the crossroads — lo dejamos allí atrás, en el cruce

• to be there for sb — (=supportive) estar al lado de algn, apoyar a algn

• down there on the floor — ahí en el suelo

let's go down there by the river — vamos allí por el río

I'm going to London, my sister's already down there — voy a Londres, mi hermana ya está allí

• it's in there — está ahí dentro

• it's on there — está ahí encima

• it's over there by the TV — está allí, junto al televisor

• there and then — en el acto, en seguida

• they're through there in the dining room — están por esa puerta or por ahí, en el comedor

• what's the cat doing up there? — ¿qué hace el gato ahí arriba?

- he's not all there

2) (as addition to phrase)

• hurry up there! — ¡menearse!

• mind out there! — ¡cuidado ahí!

• move along there! — (on street) ¡retírense!; (in bus, train) ¡muévanse!, ¡no se paren, sigan para atrás!

• you there! — ¡oye, tú!, ¡eh, usted! more frm

3) (=in existence, available)

if the demand is there, the product will appear — si existe la demanda, aparecerá el producto

it's no good asking because the money just isn't there — no sirve de nada pedir dinero, sencillamente porque no hay

the old church is still there today — la vieja iglesia todavía está en pie or existe hoy

is John there, please? — (on phone) ¿está John?

4) (=on that point) en eso

there we differ — en eso discrepamos or no estamos de acuerdo

you're right there — en eso tienes razón

I agree with you there — en eso estoy de acuerdo contigo

there you are wrong — ahí se equivoca, en eso te equivocas

5) (=at that point)

• we'll leave it there for today — lo dejaremos aquí por hoy

• could I just stop you there and say something? — ¿puedo interrumpirte para decir algo al respecto?

6) (emphasizing, pointing out)

there, now look what you've done! — desde luego, ¡mira lo que has hecho!

• there again — por otra parte

• there you are, what did I tell you! — ¿ves? es lo que te dije

"there you are," - he said, handing the book over — -ahí lo tienes -dijo, entregando el libro

• there you go again, upsetting the children — ¿vuelta a las andadas, molestando a los niños?, ¿ya estamos otra vez molestando a los niños?

it wasn't what I wanted, but there you go * — no era lo que buscaba, pero ¿qué le vamos a hacer?

• I'm not going, so there! * — pues no voy, y fastídiate *

2.

PRON

there is, there are — hay

there will be — habrá

there were ten bottles — había or (esp LAm) habían diez botellas

how many are there? — ¿cuántos hay?

there will be eight people for dinner tonight — seremos ocho para cenar esta noche

there was laughter at this — en esto hubo risas

there was singing and dancing — se cantó y se bailó

there has been an accident — ha habido un accidente

are there any bananas? — ¿hay plátanos?

is there any coffee? — ¿hay café?

• there is no wine left — no queda vino

• there might be time/room — puede que haya tiempo/sitio

• there is a pound missing — falta una libra

3.

[ðɛǝ(r)]
EXCL
there, drink this — bebe esto

there, there — (comforting) no te preocupes, no pasa nada

but there, what's the use? — pero ¡vamos!, es inútil
THERE IS, THERE ARE ► Unlike there is/are {etc}, hay, hubo, había, ha habido {etc} do not change to reflect number:
There were two kidnappings and a murder Hubo dos secuestros y un asesinato
Will there be many students at the party? ¿Habrá muchos estudiantes en la fiesta? ► To translate there must be, there may be {etc}, you can use tiene que haber, debe (de) haber, puede haber {etc} although other constructions will also be possible:
There may be a strike Puede haber or Puede que haya huelga
There must be all sorts of things we could do Tiene que haber muchas cosas que podamos hacer ► If there is/ there are is followed by the, you should normally not use hay {etc}. Use estar instead:
And then there are the neighbours to consider Están también los vecinos, a los que hay que tener en cuenta
There is also the question of the money transfer Está también la cuestión de la transferencia del dinero ► Hay {etc} should only be used to talk about existence and occurrence. Don't use it to talk about location. Use estar instead to say where things are:
After the shop there's the bus station Después de la tienda está la estación de autobuses ► Don't use hay {etc} to translate phrases like there are four of us, there will be six of them. Instead, use ser in the relevant person:
There are four of us Somos cuatro
There will be six of them Serán seis ► Remember to use que in the construction hay algo que hacer ( there is sth to do):
There is a lot to do Hay mucho que hacer
What is there to do? ¿Qué hay que hacer? For further uses and examples, see there
* * *

I [ðer, ðeə(r)]
adverb

1)

a) ( close to person being addressed) ahí; ( further away) allí, ahí (esp AmL); (less precise, further) allá

what have you got there? — ¿qué tienes ahí?

up/down there — ahí arriba/abajo

you there! — (colloq) oye, tú! (fam), che(, vos)! (RPl fam)

there's the train! — ahí viene el tren!

to have been there (before) — (colloq)

I know what it's like, I've been there before — ya sé lo que es, a mí también me ha tocado pasar por eso

b) (in phrases)

there and then: they solved it for me there and then me lo resolvieron en el acto or en el momento; I made up my mind there and then to ask her en ese mismo momento me decidí a pedírselo; so there! — (colloq) para que sepas! (fam)

2) (calling attention to something, pointing something out etc)

there's the bell, it must be her! — el timbre! debe de ser ella

there you are — ( giving something) aquí tiene

there we are: that's that done! — ya está! listo!

it's a pity, but there we o you are — es una lástima pero así son las cosas

there he goes: politics again! — ya está otra vez con la política!

there go my chances of promotion! — adiós ascenso!

eat it all up, theres a good boy — vamos, comételo todo así me gusta!

3)

a) ( present)

lots of his friends were there — estaban muchos de sus amigos

who's there? — ( at the door) ¿quién es?; ( in the dark) ¿quién anda ahí?

is Tony there? — ¿está Tony?

not to be all there — (colloq)

he's not all there — le falta un tornillo (fam), no está bien de la cabeza (fam)

b) ( at destination)

they should be there by now — ya deben de haber llegado

4)

a) ( at that point)

he went on from there to become a director — de ahí pasó a ser director

b) ( at that point)

you're right there — ahí or en eso tienes razón

5) (as interj)

a) ( when action is complete)

there! that's the last of the boxes — listo! ésa es la última caja

b) (coaxing, soothing)

there, there, don't cry! — vamos or (Esp tb) venga or (Méx tb) ándale, no llores

there now! see how easy it is? — ahí está ¿ves qué fácil es?

II [ðer] weak form [ðər, ðeə(r)] weak form [ðə(r)]
pronoun

there is/are — hay

there was — había/hubo

there will be — habrá

there was nobody there — no había nadie

once upon a time there was a princess — érase una vez una princesa

there were two demonstrations last week — hubo dos manifestaciones la semana pasada

there's no sugar left — no queda azúcar, se ha acabado el azúcar

there comes a time when... — llega un momento en el que...

English-spanish dictionary > there
4 there

there [ðeə(r), unstressed ðə(r)]

là ⇒ 1 (a)-(d) y ⇒ 1 (a) il y a ⇒ 2

1 adverb

(a) (in or to a particular place) là, y;

∎ they aren't there ils ne sont pas là, ils n'y sont pas;

∎ we never go there nous n'y allons jamais;

∎ we're there! nous voilà arrivés!;

∎ who's there? qui est là?;

∎ is Margot there? est-ce que Margot est là?;

∎ see that woman there? that's Marlene tu vois cette femme là-bas? c'est Marlene;

∎ so there we were/I was donc, on était/j'étais là;

∎ she got there in the end (reached a place) elle a fini par arriver; (completed a task) elle a fini par y arriver;

∎ put it there mets-le là; (shake my hand) serre-moi la main;

∎ it's there on the desk c'est là sur le bureau;

∎ she just sat/stood there elle était assise/debout là;

∎ move along there, please! circulez, s'il vous plaît;

∎ we go to Paris and from there to Rome nous allons à Paris et de là à Rome;

∎ here and there çà et là;

∎ there it is le voilà;

∎ it's around there somewhere c'est quelque part par là;

∎ back there là-bas;

∎ in there là-dedans;

∎ on there là-dessus;

∎ over there là-bas;

∎ under there là-dessous;

∎ that car there cette voiture-là;

∎ those cars there ces voitures-là;

∎ your friend there votre ami;

∎ familiar figurative I've been there je suis passé par là, j'ai connu ça;

∎ familiar I've been there before non merci, j'ai déjà donné;

∎ familiar been there, done that (got the T-shirt) non merci, j'ai déjà donné

(b) (available) là;

∎ it's there if you need it c'est là si tu en as besoin;

∎ she's always been there for me elle a toujours été là quand j'avais besoin d'elle

(c) (in existence) là;

∎ I couldn't believe he was really there je n'arrivais pas à croire qu'il était vraiment là;

∎ the central problem is still there le principal problème est toujours là

(d) (on or at a particular point) là;

∎ we disagree there, there we disagree nous ne sommes pas d'accord là-dessus;

∎ there's or there lies the difficulty voilà le problème, le problème est là;

∎ there you're wrong là vous vous trompez;

∎ you're right there là vous avez raison;

∎ let's leave it there restons-en là;

∎ we'll have to stop there for today nous nous arrêterons là pour aujourd'hui;

∎ could I just stop you there? puis-je vous interrompre ici?;

∎ as for the food, I've no complaints there pour ce qui est de la nourriture, là je n'ai pas à me plaindre;

∎ familiar you've got me there! là, je ne sais pas quoi vous répondre ou dire!^□

(e) (drawing attention to someone or something)

∎ hello or hi there! salut!;

∎ hey there! hep, vous là-bas!;

∎ there they are! les voilà!;

∎ there they come les voilà (qui arrivent);

∎ there you go again! ça y est, vous recommencez!;

∎ there she goes, complaining again! voilà qu'elle recommence à se plaindre!;

∎ there's the bell, I must be going tiens ça sonne, je dois partir;

∎ ironic there's gratitude for you c'est beau la reconnaissance!;

∎ now finish your homework, there's a good boy maintenant sois un grand garçon et finis tes devoirs

(f) (idiom)

∎ he's not all or not quite there (stupid) il n'a pas toute sa tête; (senile) il n'a plus toute sa tête

2 pronoun

∎ there is (used before singular noun) il y a;

∎ there are (used before plural noun) il y a;

∎ there was/were il y avait;

∎ there will be il y aura;

∎ there is or there's a book on the table il y a un livre sur la table;

∎ there are some books on the table il y a des livres sur la table;

∎ there isn't any il n'y en a pas;

∎ there's a bus coming il y a un bus qui arrive;

∎ well, there's that girl I was telling you about before… il y a bien cette fille dont je t'ai déjà parlé…;

∎ what happens if there's a change of plan? qu'est-ce qui se passe si on change d'idée?;

∎ there must have been a mistake il a dû y avoir une erreur;

∎ there was once a king il était ou il y avait une fois un roi;

∎ there was singing and dancing on a chanté et dansé;

∎ there were some pieces missing il manquait des pièces;

∎ there weren't any more, were there? il n'en restait pas, si?;

∎ there's one slice left il reste une tranche;

∎ there are or familiar there's two slices left il reste deux tranches;

∎ there's nothing we can do to help them on ne peut rien faire pour les aider;

∎ there's no stopping her rien ne peut l'arrêter;

∎ there's no knowing what he'll do next il est impossible de prévoir ce qu'il fera ensuite;

∎ there was no denying it c'était indéniable;

∎ there now follows a party political broadcast = formule annonçant la diffusion télévisée des messages électoraux des différents partis;

∎ there comes a time when you have to slow down il arrive un moment où il faut ralentir le rythme;

∎ there still remain several points to be resolved il reste encore plusieurs problèmes à résoudre;

∎ there arose a murmur of disapproval un murmure de désapprobation s'éleva

3 exclamation

(a) (soothing)

∎ there now, don't cry! allons ou là! ne pleure pas!;

∎ there, that wasn't so bad, was it? voilà, ça n'était pas si terrible que ça, si?;

∎ there, there! allez!

(b) (aggressive)

∎ there (now), what did I say? voilà, qu'est-ce que je t'avais dit?;

∎ there, now you've made me lose count! et voilà, tu m'as fait perdre le compte!

(c) (finishing task)

∎ there (now), that's done! là! voilà qui est fait!

(d) (after all)

∎ but, there, it's not surprising mais enfin, ce n'est pas surprenant

4 so there exclamation

voilà!

5 there again adverb

après tout;

∎ but there again, no one really knows mais après tout, personne ne sait vraiment

6 there and back adverb

∎ we did the trip there and back in three hours nous avons fait l'aller retour en trois heures;

∎ it will take you about an hour/cost you about £50 there and back l'aller retour vous prendra à peu près une heure/vous coûtera environ 50 livres

7 there and then, then and there adverb

sur-le-champ;

∎ I decided there and then to have no more to do with him j'ai tout de suite décidé de ne plus avoir affaire à lui

8 there you are, there you go adverb

(a) (never mind)

∎ it wasn't the ideal solution, but there you are or go ce n'était pas l'idéal, mais enfin ou mais qu'est-ce que vous voulez

(b) (it's done)

∎ just press the button and there you are or go! vous n'avez qu'à appuyer sur le bouton et ça y est!

(c) (I told you so) voilà, ça y est

(d) (here you are) tenez, voilà

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > there
5 ♦ there

♦ there /ðɛə(r), ðə(r)/
A avv.

1 là, lì; colà; costà, costì; ivi (lett.); ci, vi: Put it there, mettilo là; He isn't there, là non c'è; I promise, I'll be there, prometto, ci sarò; He will stay there all winter, vi rimarrà tutto l'inverno; There was nothing to eat, non c'era niente da mangiare; There was no one there, là non c'era nessuno; DIALOGO → - Asking about a house- Is there a garden?, c'è un giardino?

2 ecco; ecco là; ecco che: There he is!, eccolo!; eccolo là!; Push the button, and there you are, premete il pulsante, ed ecco fatto!

3 in questo; su ciò; su questo punto: There I disagree with you, su ciò non sono d'accordo (con te); There you are right, in questo hai ragione

4 (enfat., idiom.) ecco; guarda (un po'): There she goes again!, eccola daccapo!

5 (lett., idiom.; consente l'inversione fra soggetto e verbo; per es.:) There comes a time in a man's life when…, viene il momento, nella vita di un uomo, in cui…

B n.

1 quel luogo: We left there at eight o'clock, abbiamo lasciato quel luogo (o siamo partiti di là) alle otto

2 quel punto: I'll begin from there, comincerò da quel punto (o da lì)

C inter.

1 là!; finalmente; ecco: There, that's done!, là!, ecco fatto!; là! e anche questa è fatta!; There! What did I tell you?, ecco, che cosa t'avevo detto?

2 su; orsù; suvvia; via: There! there! Don't cry, (suv)via, non piangere!

● to be there, esserci, essere presente (quando q. ha bisogno di noi) □ there and back, andata e ritorno: How far is it there and back?, quanta strada c'è fra andare e tornare? □ there and then, lì per lì; subito; seduta stante; su due piedi: to decide st. there and then, decidere qc. seduta stante □ There now!, coraggio!; suvvia!; ( anche) ebbene!, hai visto?: There now! What did I tell you?, hai visto? che ti avevo detto?; There now, I knew you'd hurt yourself, già! lo sapevo che ti saresti fatto male □ there or thereabouts ► thereabouts □ by there, di là; lì vicino: I passed by there last night, passai di là ieri sera □ down there, laggiù □ to get there, arrivarci; ( slang) farcela, riuscirci □ to go there and back, andare e tornare □ (fig.) to have sb. there, cogliere q. in fallo (mettere q. con le spalle al muro) in una determinata cosa: You had him there, su quel punto, lo mettesti con le spalle al muro □ here and there, qua e là □ here, there and everywhere, (un po') dappertutto; un po' qua e un po' là: I've looked for it here, there and everywhere, l'ho cercato dappertutto □ in there, là dentro; lì dentro □ over there, là; colà; laggiù: Do you see that boy over there?, vedi quel ragazzo laggiù? □ up there, lassù □ ( al telefono) Are you there?, pronto?; sei tu?; sei ancora in linea? □ (fig. fam.) I have been there before, questa non mi è nuova; so di che si tratta (e non ci ricasco) □ (fam.) He is not all there, gli manca una rotella; non è del tutto a posto □ There's a good boy!, su, da bravo! □ There's no (+ forma in - ing), è impossibile; non c'è verso di: There's no knowing what she'll do, è impossibile dire che cosa farà; There's no pleasing him, non c'è verso d'accontentarlo □ There you are, ecco qua; eccoti servito; ecco fatto; che ti dicevo? □ (fam.) DIALOGO → - Shoes- There you go!, ecco a lei!; prego!; ( anche) ci risiamo!; siamo alle solite!; che ci vuoi fare? □ Who's there?, chi è là?; chi va là?
NOTA D'USO: - there isn't o isn't here?-

English-Italian dictionary > ♦ there
6 before

I [bɪ'fɔː] adv
прежде, ранее

Why didn't you think of that before? — Почему ты не подумал об этом раньше?

- know smth before

USAGE:

(1.) В косвенной речи употребляется наречие времени before, если вводящий косвенную речь глагол стоит в прошедшем времени: I was told that they had left a few months before (the day before) мне сказали, что они уехали несколько месяцев тому назад (накануне). Вместо before может употребляться наречие previously: I was told that the fire had broken out a few days previously мне сказали, что пожар возник за несколько дней до этого/тому назад. В прямой и косвенной речи, вводимой глаголом в настоящем времени, употребляется наречие ago: "We were there five days ago", he said мы были там пять дней тому назад; she says she was there five days ago она говорит, что была там пять дней тому назад. (2.) See afterwards, adv
II [bɪ'fɔː] prp
употребляется:

1) (при обозначении временных отношений) перед, до, раньше, прежде

- before one o'clock
- before the end of the month
- before smb's birth
- before the time
- long before the beginning of smth
- long before smb's arrival
2) (при обозначении пространственных отношений) перед, впереди

He looked before him. — Он смотрел прямо перед собой.

We have two problems before us. — Перед нами стоят две задачи.

She sat before me. — Она сидела передо мной.

- stop before the house
- act before smb
•

USAGE and CHOICE OF WORDS:

(1.) Русскому предлогу перед соответствуют английские before (реже) и in front of (чаще). В значении места before чаще сочетается с одушевленными существительными: they looked straight before them они смотрели прямо перед собой; I am before you я перед вами; your name in the list comes before mine в списке ваша фамилия стоит перед моей; the post-office is one stop before the station почта находится в одной остановке от вокзала; it happened before my very eye(right before my eyes) это произошло прямо у меня на глазах. Предлог in front of обозначает пространственное отношение, подчеркивая близость некоторых предметов или их последовательность (в очереди, в ряду): there was a small boy in front of me in the cinema line в очереди в кино передо мной был маленький мальчик; there was a slow fruck in front of us and we couldn't get ahead of it on that narrow road перед нами медленно двигался грузовик, и на этой узкой дороге мы не могли его обогнать. In front of соответствует также русскому лицом к: I found myself in front of a huge temple я оказался перед громадным собором. (2.) Before, а также behind, beside в отличие от русских перед, позади, рядом не употребляются перед возвратными местоимениями. В английском языке употребляется объектная форма личного местоимения: the boy was pushing a toy car before him мальчик толкал игрушечную машину перед собой; he closed the door behind him он закрыл за собой дверь. (3.) Ни before, ни in front of не употребляются при указании места на противоположной стороне чего-либо (улицы, дороги, реки). В этих случаях употребляются предлоги opposite или facing: the bookshop is opposite my house книжный магазин находится на противоположной стороне улицы/перед моим домом/напротив моего дома; the boys stood facing (opposite) each other мальчики стояли, друг перед другом/друг против друга/лицом к лицу. (4.) Письма часто заканчиваются фразой: hope to see you (to get the answer) before too long надеюсь вскоре тебя увидеть (получить от тебя письмо).
III [bɪ'fɔː]
1) прежде чем, раньше, чем; пока не, до того как, до

I shall see him before he leaves. — Я повидаю его до его отъезда.

Say goodbye before you go. — Попрощайтесь перед уходом.

It will be some time before we know the full results. — Окончательные результаты будут известны только через некоторое время.

2) скорее, чем

He will die before he yields. — Он скорее умрёт, чем сдастся.

He will die before he will tell them what they want to know. — Он скорее умрет, но не скажет им то, что они хотят знать.

•

CHOICE OF WORDS:

(1.) Русским пока не, до соответствуют before, until и till, значения которых различны. Союз before относит действие к моменту, предшествующему началу следующего за ним действия, в то время как until/till - относят действие к прошлому и обозначают продолжение действия до начала другого: They have been told everything before I got there. Им все рассказали до того, как я туда добрался. We have another ten minutes before the train leaves. У нас есть еще 10 минут до отхода поезда. Get out of here before I call the police. Убирайся отсюда, пока я вызвал полицию. I stayed there until he came. Я пробыл там до тех пор, пока он не пришел. ср. I shall see him before he leaves. Я повидаюсь с ним до его отъезда. (2.) В придаточных времени, вводимых before, не употребляются формы будущего времени глагола. Вместо них употребляются формы Present и Past. (3.) See after, cj; USAGE (1.).

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > before
7 before

I [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
preposizione

1) (earlier than) prima (di)

the day before yesterday — l'altro ieri

the day before the exam — il giorno prima dell'esame

I was there the week before last — ero là due settimane fa

six weeks before then — sei settimane prima

before long it will be winter — presto sarà inverno

not before time! — non è ancora ora!

2) (in order, sequence, priority) prima di, davanti a

G comes before H in the alphabet — la G viene prima della H nell'alfabeto

the page before this one — la pagina precedente

for him, work comes before everything else — per lui il lavoro viene prima di tutto

3) (this side of) prima di

turn left before the crossroads — prima dell'incrocio giri a sinistra

4) AE (in time expressions)

ten before six — le sei meno dieci

5) (in front of) davanti a

he appeared before them — è comparso davanti a loro

before our very eyes — proprio davanti ai nostri occhi

6) (in the presence of) davanti a, dinanzi a

to appear before a court — comparire dinanzi a un tribunale

to bring a bill before parliament — portare una proposta di legge in parlamento

7) (confronting) di fronte a

these are the alternatives before us — queste sono le alternative che abbiamo di fronte

the task before us — il compito che abbiamo di fronte
II [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
aggettivo prima, precedente

the day, the year before — il giorno, l'anno prima
III [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
avverbio (at an earlier time) prima

two months before — due mesi prima

have you been to India before? — sei già stato in India?

I've never been there before — non ci sono mai stato prima

it's never happened before — non era mai successo prima d'ora

long before — molto prima
IV [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
congiunzione

1) (in time)

before I go, I would like to say that — prima di andare, vorrei dire che

before he goes, I must remind him that — prima che vada, devo ricordargli che

it was some time before he was able to walk again — ci volle un po' di tempo prima che riuscisse di nuovo a camminare

oh, before I forget... — ah, prima che mi dimentichi

2) (rather than) piuttosto che

he would die before betraying that secret — preferirebbe morire piuttosto che rivelare quel segreto

3) (or else)

get out of here before I call the police! — uscite di qui prima che chiami la polizia!

4) (as necessary condition) perché, affinché

you have to show your ticket before they'll let you in — devi mostrare il biglietto perché ti facciano entrare

••

before you could say Jack Robinson — in men che non si dica

before you know where you are — in quattro e quattr'otto, in men che non si dica

* * *
[bi'fo:] 1. preposition
1) (earlier than: before the war; He'll come before very long.) prima, davanti

2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) davanti

3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) prima di
2. adverb
(earlier: I've seen you before.) prima, già
3. conjunction
(earlier than the time when: Before I go, I must phone my parents.) prima di

- beforehand

* * *
I [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
preposizione

1) (earlier than) prima (di)

the day before yesterday — l'altro ieri

the day before the exam — il giorno prima dell'esame

I was there the week before last — ero là due settimane fa

six weeks before then — sei settimane prima

before long it will be winter — presto sarà inverno

not before time! — non è ancora ora!

2) (in order, sequence, priority) prima di, davanti a

G comes before H in the alphabet — la G viene prima della H nell'alfabeto

the page before this one — la pagina precedente

for him, work comes before everything else — per lui il lavoro viene prima di tutto

3) (this side of) prima di

turn left before the crossroads — prima dell'incrocio giri a sinistra

4) AE (in time expressions)

ten before six — le sei meno dieci

5) (in front of) davanti a

he appeared before them — è comparso davanti a loro

before our very eyes — proprio davanti ai nostri occhi

6) (in the presence of) davanti a, dinanzi a

to appear before a court — comparire dinanzi a un tribunale

to bring a bill before parliament — portare una proposta di legge in parlamento

7) (confronting) di fronte a

these are the alternatives before us — queste sono le alternative che abbiamo di fronte

the task before us — il compito che abbiamo di fronte
II [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
aggettivo prima, precedente

the day, the year before — il giorno, l'anno prima
III [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
avverbio (at an earlier time) prima

two months before — due mesi prima

have you been to India before? — sei già stato in India?

I've never been there before — non ci sono mai stato prima

it's never happened before — non era mai successo prima d'ora

long before — molto prima
IV [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
congiunzione

1) (in time)

before I go, I would like to say that — prima di andare, vorrei dire che

before he goes, I must remind him that — prima che vada, devo ricordargli che

it was some time before he was able to walk again — ci volle un po' di tempo prima che riuscisse di nuovo a camminare

oh, before I forget... — ah, prima che mi dimentichi

2) (rather than) piuttosto che

he would die before betraying that secret — preferirebbe morire piuttosto che rivelare quel segreto

3) (or else)

get out of here before I call the police! — uscite di qui prima che chiami la polizia!

4) (as necessary condition) perché, affinché

you have to show your ticket before they'll let you in — devi mostrare il biglietto perché ti facciano entrare

••

before you could say Jack Robinson — in men che non si dica

before you know where you are — in quattro e quattr'otto, in men che non si dica

English-Italian dictionary > before
8 before

I adv прежде, ранее, накануне, тому назад (1). В косвенной речи употребляется наречие времени before, если вводящий косвенную речь глагол стоит в прошедшем времени:
I was told that they had left a few months before (the day before) — Мне сказали, что они уехали несколько месяцев тому назад (накануне).
Вместо before может употребляться наречие previously:
I was told that the fire had broken out a few days previously — Мне сказали, что пожар возник за несколько дней до этого/тому назад.
В прямой и косвенной речи, вводимой глаголом в настоящем времени, употребляется наречие ago:
"We were there five days ago", he said — Мы были там пять дней тому назад.

She says she was there five days ago — Она говорит, что была там пять дней тому назад.
(2). See afterwards, adv. II prp 1. предлог временного значения — перед, до, раньше, прежде; before midnight (dinner) — до полуночи/до обеда/перед обедом, before smb's birth (death) — до чьего-либо рождения (смерти), before the time — до срока, long before the beginning (end) of smth — задолго до начала (конца) чего-либо, shortly before that — незадолго до этого, before too long — вскоре; 2. предлог места для указания нахождения или движения в пространстве — перед чем-либо или кем-либо, перед, впереди; to stop before the house — остановиться перед домом, to act (to sing) before smb — играть (петь) перед кем-либо. She sat before me — Она сидела передо мной; We have two problems before us — Перед нами стоят две задачи. (1). Русскому предлогу перед соответствуют английские before (реже) и in front of (чаще). В значении места before чаще сочетается с одушевленными существительными:
They looked straight before them — Они смотрели прямо перед собой.

I am before you — Я перед вами.

Your name in the list comes before mine — В списке ваша фамилия стоит перед моей.

The post-office is one stop before the station — Почта находится в одной остановке от вокзала.

It happened before my very eyes (right before my eyes) — Это произошло прямо у меня на глазах.
Предлог in front of обозначает пространственное отношение, подчеркивая близость некоторых предметов или их последовательность (в очереди, ряду):
There was a small boy in front of me in the cinema line — В очереди в кино передо мной был маленький мальчик.

There was a slow car in front of us and we couldn't get ahead of it on that narrow road — Перед нами медленно двигался грузовик, и на этой узкой дороге мы не могли его обогнать.
In front of соответствует также русскому лицом к:
I found myself in front of a huge temple — Я оказался перед громадным собором.
(2). Before, а также behind, beside в отличие от русского перед, позади, рядом не употребляется перед возвратными местоимениями. В английском языке употребляется объектная форма личного местоимения:
The boy was pushing a toy car before him — Мальчик толкал игрушечную машинку перед собой.

He closed the door behind him — Он закрыл за собой дверь.
(3). Ни before, ни in front of не употребляются при указании места на противоположной стороне чего-либо (улицы, дороги, реки). В этих случаях употребляется предлог opposite или facing:
The bookshop is opposite my house — Книжный магазин на противоположной стороне улицы, перед моим домом (напротив моего дома).

The boys stood facing (opposite) each other — Мальчики стояли друг перед другом (друг против друга).
(4). Письма часто заканчиваются фразой
Hope to see you (to get the answer) before too long — Надеюсь вскоре тебя увидеть (получить от тебя письмо).
III cj прежде чем, пока не, до того как (1). Русским пока не, до того как соответствуют before, until и till, значения которых различны. Союз before относит действие к моменту, предшествующему началу следующего за ним действия, в то время как until/till — относят действие к прошлому и обозначают продолжение начатого ранее действия вплоть до начала другого:
They have been told everything before I got there — Им все рассказали до того, как я туда добрался.

I stayed there until he came — Я пробыл там до тех пор, пока он не пришел.
Ср. I shall see him before he leaves — Я повидаюсь с ним до его отъезда.
(2). See after, cj (1).

English-Russian word troubles > before
9 before

{bi'fɔ:}
I. 1. напред, от пред, предварително
2. преди това, по-рано, вече
I had never seen him BEFORE никога преди това не бях го виждал
have you met BEFORE? познавате ли се
3. някога, по-рано, преди, досега
long BEFORE много преди това
II. 1. пред
she put the cup BEFORE me тя сложи чашата пред мен
2. пред, в присъствието на
the offender was brought BEFORE the magistrate нарушителят бе изправен пред съдията
3. пред, по-горе от (по ранг, чин и пр.)
a colonel comes BEFORE a major полковникът e по-горе по чин от майора
4. преди. по-рано от
I got up BEFORE sunrise станах преди изгрев слънце
she got there BEFORE you тя стигна там преди/по-рано от теб
5. предпочитание над, пред, по-скоро..., отколкото
death BEFORE disgrace по-скоро смърт, отколкото позор
I put quality BEFORE quantity предпочитам качеството пред количеството
to be born BEFORE one's time прен. изпреварил съм времето/епохата си
to carry all BEFORE one преодолявам всичко, преуспявам във всичко, което върша
BEFORE long скоро, не след дълго. before сj преди да, по-скоро/по-рано, отколкото
he came BEFORE we expected him той дойде по-рано, отколкото го очаквахме
look BEFORE you jump прен. не върши нищо прибързано
he would starve BEFORE he stole той по-скоро би умрял от глад, отколкото да открадне

* * *

{bi'fъ:} adv 1. напред; от пред; предварително; 2. преди това,(2) prep 1. пред; she put the cup before me тя сложи чашата пред

* * *

отпред; пред; преди; преди; досега; някога;

* * *
1. 1 had never seen him before никога преди това не бях го виждал 2. a colonel comes before a major полковникът e по-горе по чин от майора 3. before long скоро, не след дълго. before сj преди да, по-скоро/по-рано, отколкото 4. death before disgrace по-скоро смърт, отколкото позор 5. have you met before? познавате ли се 6. he came before we expected him той дойде по-рано, отколкото го очаквахме 7. he would starve before he stole той по-скоро би умрял от глад, отколкото да открадне 8. i got up before sunrise станах преди изгрев слънце 9. i put quality before quantity предпочитам качеството пред количеството 10. i. напред, от пред, предварително 11. ii. пред 12. long before много преди това 13. look before you jump прен. не върши нищо прибързано 14. she got there before you тя стигна там преди/по-рано от теб 15. she put the cup before me тя сложи чашата пред мен 16. the offender was brought before the magistrate нарушителят бе изправен пред съдията 17. to be born before one's time прен. изпреварил съм времето/епохата си 18. to carry all before one преодолявам всичко, преуспявам във всичко, което върша 19. някога, по-рано, преди, досега 20. пред, в присъствието на 21. пред, по-горе от (по ранг, чин и пр.) 22. преди това, по-рано, вече 23. преди. по-рано от 24. предпочитание над, пред, по-скоро..., отколкото
* * *

before[bi´fɔ:] I. prep 1. преди; \before o.'s time преждевременно, преди срока; \before Christ (B.C.) преди новата ера, преди Христа; \before day до зори, преди зората; \before long скоро, бързо; веднага, спешно; неотдавна; не след много време; \before now и преди, и друг път; \before said гореспоменат; 2. пред; he walks \before me той върви пред мене; \before o.'s nose право пред себе си; 3. пред, в присъствието на; to appear \before the Court явявам се пред съда; the subject is \before the House въпросът се разисква от Парламента; • \before the mast като обикновен моряк; \before s.o. eyes пред очите му; II. adv 1. отпред, напред; he ran on \before той избяга напред; 2. преди, по-рано; прен. по-горе; \before meals преди ядене; as I said \before както казах преди; 3. досега, по-рано, някога; I have been there \before знам си го; I had met him \before бях го срещал по-рано (преди това); III. cj 1. преди да; think \before you answer мисли, преди да отговориш; 2. по-скоро, отколкото да; нежели да; I would die \before I gave in по-скоро бих умрял, отколкото да се предам.

English-Bulgarian dictionary > before
10 before

bɪˈfɔ:
1. нареч.
1) впереди;
вперед marching on before ≈ двигаясь впереди Syn: ahead, in advance, in front
2) вначале, прежде, раньше, сначала, уже I knew her from before. ≈ Я знал ее до этого. long before ≈ задолго до Syn: heretofore, beforehand, earlier, previously
2. предл.
1) перед (в пространственном значении - нахождение или движение перед кем-л., чем-л.)
2) перед, в присутствии( указывает на совершение действия в присутствии кого-л., в каком-л. учреждении) the case before the court ≈ дело, рассматриваемое судом
3) до, раньше (во временном значении указывает на предшествование) before long ≈ скоро, вскоре the day before yesterday ≈ позавчера, третьего дня before now ≈ раньше, до сих пор
4) впереди, перед (указывает на что-л. предстоящее) Your whole life is before you. ≈ У вас вся жизнь впереди.
5) перед, впереди (указывает на более высокое положение, более значительную позицию) to put quantity before quality ≈ ставить количество выше качества
6) скорее... чем (выражает предпочтение) He would die before lying. ≈ Он скорее умрет, чем солжет.
3. союз
1) прежде чем, до того как Call me before you go. ≈ Зайди ко мне, прежде чем уедешь. I'll be done before you know it. ≈ Со мной разделаются прежде, чем ты узнаешь об этом. Get out of there before you get dirty. ≈ Вылезай оттуда, пока ты не вымазался. Get out of here before I call a cop. ≈ Убирайся отсюда, пока я не позвал копа.
2) скорее чем He would starve before he'd steal. ≈ Он скорее умрет с голоду, чем украдет.
раньше, прежде - come at five o'clock, not * приходите в пять часов, не раньше - I have never seen him * я никогда раньше не видел его - silent as * молчаливый, как и прежде впереди - there were trees * впереди были деревья - this page and the one * эта страница и предыдущая вперед - he has gone on * он ушел вперед в сочетаниях: - the year * год назад - a moment * минуту назад, только что - long * задолго до, давно уже - the day * накануне - it had been fine the day * накануне была хорошая погода во временном значении указывает на предшествование: до, раньше - * Christ до рождества Христова - come * five o'clock приходите до пяти часов - they took a walk * dinner они погуляли перед обедом - * answering the letter he reread it прежде чем ответить на письмо, он его перечитал - the generations * us предыдущие поколения в пространственном значении указывает на нахождение или движение перед кем, чем-л.: перед - a leaf * the wind листок, гонимый ветром - she saw a road * her она увидела перед собой дорогу - she sat (just) * me она сидела (прямо) передо мной /напротив меня/ - he stared * him он смотрел прямо перед собой указывает на протекание процесса в чьем-л. присутствии: перед, в присутствии - * one's (very) eyes прямо на глазах у кого-л. - * smb.'s face открыто, прямо - he spoke out * everyone он заявил это публично /открыто/ указывает на присутствие в какой-л. организации, в ссуде и т. п. по вызову: перед - he appeared * the judge он предстал перед судьей указывает на рассмотрение, обсуждение вопроса кем-л.: на, в, перед;
тж. передается твор. падежом - the question is * the meeting вопрос должен обсуждаться на собрании - the case * the court дело, которое рассматривается судом указывает на что-л. предстоящее: перед - his whole life is * him вся жизнь у него еще впереди - he was a man with no future * him это был человек без будущего - we have two problems * us перед нами две задачи, нам предстоит решить две задачи указывает на превосходство в положении, ранге, способностях и т. п.: перед, впереди - to be * others in class быть впереди других в классе - a general comes * a colonel генерал по званию /по чину/ старше полковника употребляется при выражении предпочтения или преимущества: скорее чем - death * dishonour лучше смерть, чем позор /бесчестье/ - he will die * betraying his country он скорее умрет, чем предаст родину - I love him * myself я люблю его больше самого себя в сочетаниях: - the day * yesterday позавчера, третьего дня - * everything else прежде всего - * long скоро, вскоре - * then до того времени - * now раньше - it ought to have been done * now это должно было быть сделано раньше прежде чем, раньше чем, до того как;
пока не - I must finish my work * I go home я должен прежде кончить работу, а уж потом идти домой - come and see me * you leave зайдите ко мне до отъезда - it will be long * we see him again мы теперь увидим его очень нескоро - I hadn't waited long * he came мне не пришлось его долго ждать - I'll do it now * I forget я сделаю это сейчас, пока я не забыл скорее чем - he will die * he yields он скорее умрет, чем сдастся

~ prep выше;
больше;
to be before others in class быть (по успехам) впереди своих одноклассников;
I love him before myself я люблю его больше самого себя

~ prep до;
the day before yesterday позавчера, третьего дня;
Chaucer lived before Shakespeare Чосер жил до Шекспира;
before long скоро, вскоре;
before now раньше, до сих пор long: ~ долгий срок, долгое время;
for long надолго;
before long скоро;
вскоре;
will not take long не займет много времени

~ prep до;
the day before yesterday позавчера, третьего дня;
Chaucer lived before Shakespeare Чосер жил до Шекспира;
before long скоро, вскоре;
before now раньше, до сих пор now: ~ настоящее время;
данный момент;
before now раньше;
by now к этому времени

~ prep до;
the day before yesterday позавчера, третьего дня;
Chaucer lived before Shakespeare Чосер жил до Шекспира;
before long скоро, вскоре;
before now раньше, до сих пор

day ~ вчерашний день day ~ накануне day: the ~ before накануне

~ prep до;
the day before yesterday позавчера, третьего дня;
Chaucer lived before Shakespeare Чосер жил до Шекспира;
before long скоро, вскоре;
before now раньше, до сих пор day: the ~ before yesterday третьего дня, позавчера

~ cj прежде чем;
he arrived before I expected him он приехал раньше, чем я ожидал

~ prep перед;
he stood before us он стоял перед нами

~ prep скорее... чем;
he would die before lying он скорее умрет, чем солжет

~ раньше, прежде, уже;
I have heard it before я это уже слышал;
long before задолго до

~ prep выше;
больше;
to be before others in class быть (по успехам) впереди своих одноклассников;
I love him before myself я люблю его больше самого себя

~ раньше, прежде, уже;
I have heard it before я это уже слышал;
long before задолго до long: ~ давно;
долгое время( перед, спустя) ;
long before задолго до;
long after долгое время спустя;
long since уже давным-давно

place ~ помещать впереди

year ~ предыдущий год

~ prep впереди;
your whole life is before you у вас вся жизнь впереди

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > before
11 before

1. [bıʹfɔ:] adv
1. раньше, прежде

come at five o'clock, not before - приходите в 5 часов, не раньше

I have never seen him before - я никогда раньше не видел его

silent as before - молчаливый, как и прежде

2. 1) впереди

there were trees before - впереди были деревья

this page and the one before - эта страница и предыдущая

2) вперёд

he has gone on before - он ушёл вперёд

3. в сочетаниях:

the year before - год назад

a moment before - минуту назад, только что

long before - задолго до, давно уже

the day before - накануне

it had been fine the day before - накануне была хорошая погода
2. [bıʹfɔ:] prep
1. во временном значении указывает на предшествование до; раньше

before Christ - до рождества Христова

come before five o'clock - приходите до пяти часов

they took a walk before dinner - они погуляли перед обедом

before answering the letter he reread it - прежде чем ответить на письмо, он его перечитал

the generations before us - предыдущие поколения

2. в пространственном значении указывает на нахождение или движение перед кем, чем-л. перед

a leaf before the wind - листок, гонимый ветром

she saw a road before her - она увидела перед собой дорогу

she sat (just) before me - она сидела (прямо) передо мной /напротив меня/

he stared before him - он смотрел прямо перед собой

3. указывает на

1) протекание процесса в чьём-л. присутствии перед, в присутствии

before one's (very) eyes - прямо на глазах у кого-л.

before smb.'s face - открыто, прямо

he spoke out before everyone - он заявил это публично /открыто/

2) присутствие в какой-л. организации, в суде и т. п. по вызову перед

he appeared before the judge [the court, the committee] - он предстал перед судьёй [судом, комиссией]

3) рассмотрение, обсуждение вопроса кем-л. на, в, перед; тж. передаётся твор. падежом

the question is before the meeting [the committee, Parliament] - вопрос должен обсуждаться на собрании [в комитете, в парламенте]

the case before the court - дело, которое рассматривается судом

4. указывает на что-л. предстоящее перед

his whole life is before him - вся жизнь у него ещё впереди

he was a man with no future before him - это был человек без будущего

we have two problems before us - перед нами две задачи, нам предстоит решить две задачи

5. указывает на превосходство в положении, ранге, способностях и т. п. перед, впереди

to be before others in class [at school] - быть впереди других в классе [в школе]

a general comes before a colonel - генерал по званию /по чину/ старше полковника

6. употребляется при выражении предпочтения или преимущества скорее чем

death before dishonour - лучше смерть, чем позор /бесчестье/

he will die before betraying his country - он скорее умрёт, чем предаст родину

I love him before myself - я люблю его больше самого себя

7. в сочетаниях:

the day before yesterday - позавчера, третьего дня

before everything else - прежде всего

before long - скоро, вскоре

before then - до того времени

before now - раньше

it ought to have been done before now - это должно было быть сделано раньше
3. [bıʹfɔ:] cj
1. прежде чем, раньше чем, до того как; пока не

I must finish my work before I go home - я должен прежде кончить работу, а уж потом идти домой

come and see me before you leave - зайдите ко мне до отъезда

it will be long before we see him again - мы теперь увидим его очень нескоро

I hadn't waited long before be came - мне не пришлось его долго ждать

I'll do it now before I forget - я сделаю это сейчас, пока я не забыл

2. скорее чем

he will die before he yields - он скорее умрёт, чем сдастся

НБАРС > before
12 before

bi'fo:
1. preposition
1) (earlier than: before the war; He'll come before very long.) antes (de)

2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) delante (de), antes (de/que)

3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) antes que

2. adverb
(earlier: I've seen you before.) antes

3. conjunction
(earlier than the time when: Before I go, I must phone my parents.) antes (de que)

- beforehand

before¹ adv

1. anterior

the day before el día anterior

2. antes

I have never been here before nunca había estado aquí

you should have said so before debiste decírmelo antes

has this ever happened before? ¿es la primera vez que pasa esto?

3. ya

I've seen this film before ya he visto esta película

before² conj antes de que / antes de

let's go before it rains vámonos antes de que llueva

have a drink before you go toma una copa antes de irte

before³ prep

1. antes de

wash your hands before dinner lávate las manos antes de la cena

we have to leave the room before 12 o'clock debemos dejar la habitación antes de las doce

the day before yesterday anteayer / antes de ayer

2. delante de

you're before me in the queue vas delante de mí en la cola

before

tr[bɪ'fɔː^SMALLr/SMALL]

preposition

1 (earlier) antes de

■ spring comes before summer la primavera viene antes del verano

■ they arrived the night before the party llegaron la noche antes de la fiesta

2 (in front of) delante de; (in the presence of) ante; (for the attention of) ante

■ he's before me in the queue va delante de mi en la cola

■ he appeared before the judge compareció ante el juez

■ he presented the project before the committee presentó el proyecto ante el comité

3 (rather than) antes que

■ death before dishonour la muerte antes que la deshonra

4 (ahead) por delante

■ he's got all his life before him tiene toda su vida por delante

5 (first) primero

■ ladies before gentlemen las señoras primero

conjunction

1 (earlier than) antes de + inf, antes de que + subj

■ don't forget to say goodbye before you go no te olvides de despedirte antes de irte

■ he left before we arrived se fue antes de que llegásemos nosotros

2 (rather than) antes de + inf

■ he would starve before he asked them for money preferiría morir de hambre antes de pedirles dinero

adverb

1 (earlier) antes

■ he had arrived two hours before había llegado dos horas antes

2 (previous) anterior

■ the day before el día anterior

3 (already) ya

■ we've seen it before ya lo hemos visto

4 (position) delante, por delante

■ they were attacked before and behind les atacaron por delante y por detrás

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

as never before como nunca

Before Christ antes de Cristo

before God ante Dios

before long dentro de poco

long before mucho antes de

not long before poco antes de

pride comes before a fall un exceso de orgullo conduce a la caída

to put the cart before the horse empezar la casa por el tejado

the one before el anterior, la anterior

before [bɪ'for] adv

1) : antes

before and after: antes y después

2) : anterior

the month before: el mes anterior

before conj

: antes que

he would die before surrendering: moriría antes que rendirse

before prep

1) : antes de

before eating: antes de comer

2) : delante de, ante

I stood before the house: estaba parada delante de la casa

before the judge: ante el juez

before

adv.

• antes adv.

• delante adv.

conj.

• antes de que conj.

prep.

• ante prep.

• antes de prep.

• delante de prep.

I bɪ'fɔːr, bɪ'fɔː(r)
preposition

1) ( preceding in time) antes de

before dinner — antes de la cena

before long — dentro de poco

they arrived before us — llegaron antes que nosotros

before going in — antes de entrar

ten minutes before the end of the match — diez minutos antes de que terminara el partido

the day before her departure — el día anterior a su partida

2)

a) ( in front of) delante de, ante (frml)

b) (in rank, priority)

she puts her work before her family — antepone el trabajo a su familia

safety comes before anything else — la seguridad (está) ante todo

II

conjunction

a) ( earlier than) antes de que (+ subj), antes de (+ inf)

before it gets dark — antes de que anochezca

he died before he was 30 — murió antes de cumplir los 30 años

b) ( rather than) antes que

she would die before... — prefería morir antes que...

III

adverb ( preceding) antes

this has never happened before — esto no había sucedido nunca antes

the day/year before — el día/año anterior

have you been to Canada before? — ¿ya has estado en el Canadá?

not that page, the one before — esa página no, la anterior

[bɪ'fɔː(r)] When before is an element in a phrasal verb, eg come before, go before, look up the verb.
1. PREP

1) (in time, order, rank) antes de

before Christ — antes de Cristo

the week before last — hace dos semanas

before long — (in future) antes de poco; (in past) poco después

before going, would you... — antes de marcharte, quieres...

income before tax — renta f bruta or antes de impuestos

profits before tax — beneficios mpl preimpositivos

2) (in place) delante de; (=in the presence of) ante, delante de, en presencia de

they were married before a judge — se casaron en presencia de un juez

3) (=facing)

the question before us — (in meeting) el asunto que tenemos que discutir

the problem before us is... — el problema que se nos plantea es...

the task before us — la tarea que tenemos por delante

we still have two hours before us — tenemos todavía dos horas por delante

a new life lay before him — una vida nueva se abría ante él

4) (=rather than)

I should choose this one before that — yo escogería este antes que aquel

death before dishonour! — ¡antes la muerte que el deshonor!

2. ADV

1) (time) antes

a moment before — un momento antes

the day before — el día anterior

before, it used to be different — antes, todo era distinto

on this occasion and the one before — en esta ocasión y la anterior

2) (place, order) delante, adelante

before and behind — por delante y por detrás

that chapter and the one before — ese capítulo y el anterior

3.

CONJ (time) antes de que; (rather than) antes que
BEFORE
Time
Adverb ► When bef ore is an {adverb}, you can usually translate it using antes:
Why didn't you say so before? ¿Por qué no lo has dicho antes?
I had spoken to her before Había hablado con ella antes ► But the bef ore in never before and ever before is often not translated:
I've never been to Spain before Nunca he estado en España
I had never been to a police station before Nunca había estado (antes) en una comisaría
It's not true that the working class is earning more money than ever before No es cierto que la clase obrera gane más dinero que nunca ► The day/night/ week {etc} before should usually be translated using el día/la noche/ la semana {etc} anterior:
The night before, he had gone to a rock concert La noche anterior había ido a un concierto de rock ► In more formal contexts, where bef ore could be substituted by previously, anteriormente is another option:
As I said before... Como he dicho antes or anteriormente... ► When bef ore is equivalent to already, translate using ya ( antes) or, in questions about whether someone has done what they are doing now before, using ¿es la primera vez que...?:
"How about watching this film?" - "Actually, I've seen it before" -¿Vemos esa película? -Es que ya la he visto
I had been to Glasgow a couple of times before Ya había estado (antes) en Glasgow un par de veces
Have you been to Spain before? ¿Has estado ya en España? or ¿Es la primera vez que vienes a España? ► Translate ((period of time)) + bef ore using hacía + ((period of time)):
They had married nearly 40 years before Se habían casado hacía casi 40 años NOTE: H acía i s invariable in this sense.
Preposition ► When bef ore is a {preposition}, you can usually translate it using antes de:
Please ring before seven Por favor, llama antes de las siete
Shall we go for a walk before dinner? ¿Nos vamos a dar un paseo antes de cenar? ► But use ant es que with names of people and personal pronouns when they stand in for a verb:
If you get there before me or before I do, wait for me in the bar Si llegas antes que yo, espérame en el bar ► Translate bef ore + ((-ing)) using antes de + ((infinitive)):
He said goodbye to the children before leaving Se despidió de los niños antes de irse
Conjunction ► When bef ore is a {conjunction}, you can usually translate it using antes de que + ((subjunctive)):
I'll ask Peter about it before he goes away on holiday Se lo preguntaré a Peter antes de que se vaya de vacaciones
We reached home before the storm broke Llegamos a casa antes de que empezara la tormenta ► If the subject of both clauses is the same, ant es de + ((infinitive)) is usually used rather than antes de que:
Give me a ring before you leave the office Llámame antes de salir de la oficina This construction is also sometimes used in colloquial Spanish when the subjects are different:
Before you arrived she was very depressed Antes de llegar tú, estaba muy deprimida For further uses and examples, see main entry
* * *

I [bɪ'fɔːr, bɪ'fɔː(r)]
preposition

1) ( preceding in time) antes de

before dinner — antes de la cena

before long — dentro de poco

they arrived before us — llegaron antes que nosotros

before going in — antes de entrar

ten minutes before the end of the match — diez minutos antes de que terminara el partido

the day before her departure — el día anterior a su partida

2)

a) ( in front of) delante de, ante (frml)

b) (in rank, priority)

she puts her work before her family — antepone el trabajo a su familia

safety comes before anything else — la seguridad (está) ante todo

II

conjunction

a) ( earlier than) antes de que (+ subj), antes de (+ inf)

before it gets dark — antes de que anochezca

he died before he was 30 — murió antes de cumplir los 30 años

b) ( rather than) antes que

she would die before... — prefería morir antes que...

III

adverb ( preceding) antes

this has never happened before — esto no había sucedido nunca antes

the day/year before — el día/año anterior

have you been to Canada before? — ¿ya has estado en el Canadá?

not that page, the one before — esa página no, la anterior

English-spanish dictionary > before
13 there

[ðʌ/ə]
1.

adverb

tam, tamkaj; tu, tukaj; figuratively takoj, précej; tja; v tem (pogledu)

there and back — tja in nazaj

there and then — takoj, précej, na mestu

down there — tam doli

here and there — tu in tam

here, there and everywhere — vsepovsod

in there — tam notri

neither here nor there — ne tu ne tam, figuratively nepomemben

out there — tam zunaj

over there — tam preko

from there — od tam, od tod

up there — tam gori

there it is! — v tem je težava! to je tisto! tako je s stvarjo!

there is the rub — tu je (tiči) težava

there you are! — (vidiš) kaj sem ti rekel! zdaj pa imaš!

I have been there before slang to že vse vem

to have been there — slang dobro se spoznati

all there — colloquially pameten, preudaren, priseben

he is not all there — on ni čisto pri pravi (pameti)

there I agree with you — v tem (pogledu) se strinjam z vami

we had him there — v tem smo ga prelisičili

to get there — slang doseči kaj, uspeti

put it there! — postavi (daj) to tja!; figuratively udari(te) v roko! (v znak sporazuma);

2.

(oslabljeno) tam, tu (se ne prevaja: pred neprehodnimi glagoli često brezosebno)

there is — je, se nahaja

there are — so, se nahajajo

there was a king — bil je (nekoč) kralj

there is no saying — ne da se reči

there arises the question... — nastaja vprašanje...

there comes a time when... — pride čas, ko...

will there be any lecture? — ali bo (kako) predavanje?

what is there to do? — kaj naj storimo?

never was there such a man — nikoli ni bilo takega človeka

there's a man at the door — nekdo je pri vratih

there were many cases of influenza — bilo je mnogo primerov gripe;

3.

interjection

glej! no! na!; pomiri se!

there! — no, no, pomiri se! bodi no dober (priden, spodoben)!

don't cry! — no, no, ne jokaj!

there now! — glej ga no

so there! — zdaj pa imal! zdaj pa je dovolj!

well there — čuj!

there, didn't I tell you? — na, ali vam nisem rekel?

there, it is done! — na, pa je narejeno!

there's a good girl! — bodi dobra, pridna deklica (in podaj mi knjigo)!; dobra deklica si, tako je prav (ker si mi podala knjigo)!

English-Slovenian dictionary > there
14 before

1. adv раньше, прежде

I have never seen him before — я никогда раньше не видел его

before the foundation of the world — прежде основания мира

all that has gone before — всё, что было прежде

before proceeding with — прежде чем продолжить

in the same way as before — как и раньше

before trying to — прежде чем попытаться

2. adv впереди

there were trees before — впереди были деревья

to lay the case before the court — изложить дело перед судом

I was before you in the queue — я стоял перед вами в очереди

to have the world before one — иметь перед собой всю жизнь;

to stare straight before one — смотреть прямо перед собой

space before printing — оставлять интервал перед печатью

3. adv вперёд

he has gone on before — он ушёл вперёд

to catch the ball before the bound — поспешить, не выждать удобного момента; забегать вперёд

4. prep (во временном значении) до; раньше

before Christ — до рождества Христова

they took a walk before dinner — они погуляли перед обедом

before answering the letter he reread it — прежде чем ответить на письмо, он его перечитал

the generations before us — предыдущие поколения

a leaf before the wind — листок, гонимый ветром

she saw a road before her — она увидела перед собой дорогу

before now — раньше, прежде

rather than before — а не раньше

you want to eat before you go — вам надо поесть до отъезда

5. prep (употребляется при выражении предпочтения или преимущества) скорее; чем

death before dishonour — лучше смерть, чем позор

more than ever before — более чем когда-либо

6. prep прежде; до того

the day before yesterday — позавчера, третьего дня

before everything else — прежде всего

before long — скоро, вскоре

before then — до того времени

as before — как и прежде

before attempting — прежде чем начать

7. cj прежде чем, раньше чем, до того как; пока не

I must finish my work before I go home — я должен прежде кончить работу, а уж потом идти домой

as I noted before — как я уже заметил

as mentioned before — как указывалось ранее

8. cj скорее чем

he will die before he yields — он скорее умрёт, чем сдастся

we shall see you before long — мы увидимся с вами в скором времени

Синонимический ряд:

1. ago (other) ago; heretofore; past

2. ahead (other) ahead; ante; antecedently; fore; forward; in advance; precedently; previous

3. antecedent to (other) ahead of; antecedent to; anterior to; ere; in advance of; preceding; previous to; prior to; till; until

4. by (other) by; no later than

5. earlier (other) already; confronting; earlier; erstwhile; formerly; once; previously

6. in front of (other) ahead of; in front of; in sight of; in the presence of

7. prematurely (other) ahead of time; beforehand; betimes; early; prematurely; sooner

8. rather than (other) in preference to; rather than; sooner than

Антонимический ряд:

afterward; behind; later

English-Russian base dictionary > before
15 vor

I Präp.

1. räumlich: in front of; (in Gegenwart von) auch in the presence of; vor der Tür at the door; vor der Stadt (außerhalb) outside the town; vor das oder vors Haus etc. gehen go in front of the house etc.; sich vor den Fernseher etc. setzen sit down in front of the television etc.; vor einem Hintergrund against a background; vor dem Wind segeln sail before the wind; das Subjekt steht vor dem Verb comes before ( oder precedes) the verb; Auge 1, Tür, Zeuge etc.

2. zeitlich: before; Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit: ago; am Tage vor... (on) the day before...; vor einigen Tagen a few days ago, the other day; ( heute) vor acht Tagen a week ago (today); fünf ( Minuten) vor zehn five (minutes) to (Am. auch of) ten; etw. vor sich haben have s.th. ahead ( oder coming up)

3. vor Tatsachen / einem Problem / einer Aufgabe etc. stehen be faced ( oder confronted) with facts / a problem / a task etc.; vor dem Ruin stehen be faced with ruin, be on the verge ( oder brink) of ruin; sich verbeugen vor (+ Dat) bow ( Frau: curtsey) to oder before; vor allem, vor allen Dingen above all; vor sich hin murmeln mutter ( oder mumble) to o.s.; vor sich gehen gehen I 3

4. (wegen) with, for, on account of, because of; vor Freude springen / schreien jump / shout for ( oder with) joy; vor ( lauter) Lachen konnte ich nichts sagen I couldn’t speak for laughing; vor ( lauter) Arbeit with all that work, for work; zittern vor Angst etc.: shake ( oder tremble) with; vor Hunger sterben die of hunger; sich fürchten vor (+ Dat) be afraid of

5. schützen, verstecken, retten etc.: from; warnen: against

II Adv. (nach vorn, vorwärts) forward(s); er konnte weder vor noch zurück he couldn’t go forward(s) or backward(s), he couldn’t move either way; Freiwillige vor! any volunteers step forward!; SC vor, noch ein Tor! come on SC, let’s have another one!

* * *

(Uhrzeit) to (Präp.);

(räumlich) forwards (Adv.); forward (Adv.); in front of (Präp.); ahead of (Präp.);

(zeitlich) ago (Adv.); before (Präp.); prior to (Präp.); ere (Präp.)

* * *
[foːɐ]
1. prep +acc or dat

1) +dat (räumlich) in front of; (= außerhalb von) outside; (= vor Hintergrund) against; (= in Gegenwart von) in front of; (= in jds Achtung) in the eyes of; (bei Reihenfolge) before; (bei Rangordnung) before, ahead of

der See/die Stadt lag vór uns — the lake/town lay before us

vór jdm herfahren/hergehen — to drive/walk in front of or ahead of sb

vór der Kirche rechts abbiegen — turn right before the church

vór der Stadt — outside the town

vór einer Kommission/allen Leuten — before or in front of a commission/everyone

vór Gott sind alle Menschen gleich — all people are equal before God or in God's sight

sich vór jdm/etw verneigen (lit, fig) — to bow before or to sb/sth

vór allen Dingen, vór allem — above all

vór dem Fernseher sitzen or hocken (inf) — to sit in front of the TV

2) +acc (Richtung angebend) in front of; (= außerhalb von) outside

ein Schlag vór den Oberkörper — a blow on the chest

3) +dat (zeitlich) before

vór Christi Geburt — before Christ, BC

zwanzig (Minuten) vór drei — twenty (minutes) to three

heute vór acht Tagen — a week ago today

das ist or liegt noch vór uns — this is still to come

ich war vór ihm an der Reihe — I was in front of him

ich war vór ihm da — I was there before him

vór einigen Tagen/langer Zeit/fünf Jahren — a few days/a long time/five years ago

am Tage vór der Prüfung — the day before the examination

4) +acc

vór sich hin summen/lachen/sprechen etc — to hum/laugh/talk etc to oneself

vór sich hin schreiben/arbeiten — to write/work away

vór sich hin wandern — to wander on

5) +dat

vór sich her — before one, in front of one

er ließ die Schüler vór sich her gehen — he let the pupils go in front (of him)

6) +dat (Ursache angebend) with

vór Hunger sterben — to die of hunger

vór Kälte zittern — to tremble with or from cold

vór Schmerz laut schreien — to cry out with or in pain

vór lauter Arbeit — for or because of work

alles strahlt vór Sauberkeit — everything is shining clean

7)

(in fester Verbindung mit n, vb, adj siehe auch dort) Schutz vór jdm/etw suchen — to seek protection from sb/sth

vór jdm/etw sicher sein — to be safe from sb/sth

Achtung vór jdm/etw haben — to have respect for sb/sth

sich vór jdm verstecken — to hide from sb

wie ist das vór sich gegangen? — how did it happen?

2. adv

1)

vór und zurück — backwards and forwards

alle kleinen Kinder vór! — all small children to the front!

wer Karten will, vór! — come up and get your tickets!

Borussia vór, noch ein Tor! — come on Borussia, let's have another!

2)

See:

→ nach

3)

(N Ger inf = davor) da sei Gott vór — God forbid

das wird nicht passieren, da bin ich vór — that won't happen, I'll see to it

* * *

1) (at a certain time in the past: two years ago; Long ago, men lived in caves; How long ago did he leave?) ago

2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) before

3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) before

4) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) of

5) (before: Prior to working in America, he had travelled in Europe.) prior to

6) (as the result of: He is shaking with fear.) with

* * *

vor

[fɔɐ̯]

I. präp

1. +dat (davor befindlich)

▪ \vor jdm/etw in front of sb/sth

ich sitze zwölf Stunden am Tag \vor dem Bildschirm! I spend twelve hours a day sitting in front of a screen!

sie ließ ihn \vor sich her gehen she let him go in front of her

\vor der Tür steht ein Vertreter there's a salesman at the door

das Subjekt steht \vor dem Objekt the subject precedes [or comes before] the object

eine Binde \vor den Augen tragen to have a bandage over one's eyes

\vor der Stadt outside the town

2. +dat (fig: für) for

\vor Gott sind alle Menschen gleich in the eyes of God everyone is equal

3. +dat (fig: in Gegenwart von) in the presence of

sich akk \vor jdm schämen to feel ashamed in front of sb

\vor Zeugen in the presence [or in front] of witnesses

\vor Zuschauern [o Publikum] in front of spectators

4. +dat (fig: konfrontiert mit)

\vor Gericht/dem Richter stehen to stand before the court/judge

5. +dat (fig: bezüglich)

\vor etw davonlaufen to run away from sth

sich akk \vor jdm/etw schützen to protect oneself from sb/sth

jdn \vor jdm warnen to warn sb about sb

6. +akk (auf die Vorderseite) in front of

setz dich bitte nicht direkt \vor mich please don't sit directly in front of me

der Sessel kommt \vor den Fernseher the armchair goes in front of the television

7. +akk (frontal gegen)

ein Schlag \vor die Brust a blow on the chest

8. +akk (fig: konfrontieren)

jdn \vor ein Ultimatum stellen to give sb an ultimatum

9. +akk (fig: schützend)

sich akk \vor jdn stellen to put oneself in front of sb

10. +akk (bei sich)

\vor sich akk hin summen to hum to oneself

11. +dat (früher) before

wenn du dich beeilst, kannst du noch \vor Dienstag in Berlin sein if you hurry, you can be in Berlin before Tuesday

es ist zehn \vor zwölf it is ten to twelve

vor kurzem/wenigen Augenblicken/hundert Jahren a short time/a few moments/hundred years ago

12. +dat (Reihen-, Rangfolge) before

ich war \vor dir dran I was before you

\vor allem above all

\vor jdm am Ziel sein to get somewhere before sb [arrives]

13. +dat (bevorstehend)

▪ etw \vor sich dat haben to have sth ahead

eine Aufgabe/ein Problem \vor sich dat haben to be faced with a task/a problem

14. +dat (bedingt durch) with

\vor Furcht/Kälte zittern to shake with fear/cold

\vor Hunger sterben to die of hunger

\vor Schmerz schreien to cry out in pain

ich konnte \vor Schmerzen die ganze Nacht nicht schlafen I couldn't sleep all night because of the pain

starr \vor Schreck rigid with horror

\vor Wut rot anlaufen to turn red with rage; s.a. Christus, Ding

II. adv

1. (nach vorne) forward

Freiwillige \vor! volunteers one step forward!

\vor und zurück backwards and forwards

2. (fam: davor)

da habe ich Angst \vor I'm afraid of that

da hat er sich \vor gedrückt he got out of that nicely fam

* * *
1.
Präposition mit Dat

1) (räumlich) in front of; (weiter vorn als) ahead of; in front of; (nicht ganz so weit wie) before; (außerhalb) outside

vor einem Hintergrund — against a background

200 m vor der Abzweigung — 200 m. before the turn-off

vor der Stadt — outside the town

etwas vor sich haben — (fig.) have something before one

2) (zeitlich) before

es ist fünf [Minuten] vor sieben — it is five [minutes] to seven

3) (bei Reihenfolge, Rangordnung) before

knapp vor jemandem siegen — win just ahead or in front of somebody

4) (in Gegenwart von) before; in front of

vor Zeugen — before or in the presence of witnesses

5) (aufgrund von) with

vor Kälte zittern — shiver with cold

vor Hunger/Durst umkommen — die of hunger/thirst

vor Arbeit/Schulden nicht mehr aus und ein wissen — not know which way to turn for work/debts

6)

vor fünf Minuten/Jahren — five minutes/years ago

heute/gestern/morgen vor einer Woche — a week ago today/yesterday/tomorrow
2.
Präposition mit Akk. in front of

keinen Schritt vor die Tür setzen — not set foot outside the door

er fuhr bis vor die Haustür — he drove right up to the front door

vor sich hin — to oneself

still vor sich hin arbeiten — work away quietly
3.
Adverb forward

Freiwillige vor! — volunteers to the front!

vor und zurück — backwards and forwards

* * *

vor

A. präp

1. räumlich: in front of; (in Gegenwart von) auch in the presence of;

vor der Tür at the door;

vor der Stadt (außerhalb) outside the town;

vor das oder

vors Haus etc

gehen go in front of the house etc;

sich vor den Fernseher etc

setzen sit down in front of the television etc;

vor einem Hintergrund against a background;

vor dem Wind segeln sail before the wind;

das Subjekt

steht vor dem Verb comes before ( oder precedes) the verb; → Auge 1, Tür, Zeuge etc

2. zeitlich: before; Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit: ago;

am Tage vor … (on) the day before …;

vor einigen Tagen a few days ago, the other day;

(heute) vor acht Tagen a week ago (today);

fünf (Minuten) vor zehn five (minutes) to (US auch of) ten;

etwas vor sich haben have sth ahead ( oder coming up)

3.

vor Tatsachen/einem Problem/einer Aufgabe etc

stehen be faced ( oder confronted) with facts/a problem/a task etc;

vor dem Ruin stehen be faced with ruin, be on the verge ( oder brink) of ruin;

sich verbeugen vor (+dat) bow ( Frau: curtsey) to oder before;

vor allem, vor allen Dingen above all;

vor sich hin murmeln mutter ( oder mumble) to o.s.;

vor sich gehen → gehen A 3

4. (wegen) with, for, on account of, because of;

vor Freude springen/schreien jump/shout for ( oder with) joy;

vor (lauter) Lachen konnte ich nichts sagen I couldn’t speak for laughing;

vor (lauter) Arbeit with all that work, for work;

zittern vor Angst etc: shake ( oder tremble) with;

vor Hunger sterben die of hunger;

sich fürchten vor (+dat) be afraid of

5. schützen, verstecken, retten etc: from; warnen: against

B. adv (nach vorn, vorwärts) forward(s);

er konnte weder vor noch zurück he couldn’t go forward(s) or backward(s), he couldn’t move either way;

Freiwillige vor! any volunteers step forward!;

SC vor, noch ein Tor! come on SC, let’s have another one!

* * *
1.
Präposition mit Dat

1) (räumlich) in front of; (weiter vorn als) ahead of; in front of; (nicht ganz so weit wie) before; (außerhalb) outside

vor einem Hintergrund — against a background

200 m vor der Abzweigung — 200 m. before the turn-off

vor der Stadt — outside the town

etwas vor sich haben — (fig.) have something before one

2) (zeitlich) before

es ist fünf [Minuten] vor sieben — it is five [minutes] to seven

3) (bei Reihenfolge, Rangordnung) before

knapp vor jemandem siegen — win just ahead or in front of somebody

4) (in Gegenwart von) before; in front of

vor Zeugen — before or in the presence of witnesses

5) (aufgrund von) with

vor Kälte zittern — shiver with cold

vor Hunger/Durst umkommen — die of hunger/thirst

vor Arbeit/Schulden nicht mehr aus und ein wissen — not know which way to turn for work/debts

6)

vor fünf Minuten/Jahren — five minutes/years ago

heute/gestern/morgen vor einer Woche — a week ago today/yesterday/tomorrow
2.
Präposition mit Akk. in front of

keinen Schritt vor die Tür setzen — not set foot outside the door

er fuhr bis vor die Haustür — he drove right up to the front door

vor sich hin — to oneself

still vor sich hin arbeiten — work away quietly
3.
Adverb forward

Freiwillige vor! — volunteers to the front!

vor und zurück — backwards and forwards

* * *

(nach) Abzug der Steuern ausdr.

before (after)

tax expr. adj.

ago adj. präp.

before prep.

from prep.

in front of prep.

of prep. v.

ante- prefix

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > vor
16 vor

1. prep + dat

1) (räumlich) in front of

vor der Kirche links abbiegen — turn left before the church

2) (zeitlich) before

ich war vor ihm da — I was there before him

vor 2 Tagen — 2 days ago

5 (Minuten) vor 4 — 5 (minutes) to 4

vor Kurzem — a little while ago

3) (Ursache) with

vor Wut/Liebe — with rage/love

vor Hunger sterben — to die of hunger

vor lauter Arbeit — because of work

4)

vor allem, vor allen Dingen — most of all

2. prep

+ akk, (räumlich) in front of

3. adv

vor und zurück — backwards and forwards

Deutsch-Englisch-Wörterbuch mini > vor
17 FYRIR

for

* * *

prep.

I. with dat.

1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);

fyrir dyrum, before the door;

2) before one, in one’s presence;

hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;

3) for;

hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;

4) before one, in one’s way;

fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;

sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;

5) naut. term. before, off;

liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;

fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;

6) before, at the head of, over;

vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;

vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;

sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;

7) of time, ago;

fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;

fyrir stundu, a while ago;

fyrir löngu, long ago;

vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);

8) before, above, superior to;

Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;

9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;

þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;

tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;

10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;

mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;

varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;

Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;

11) because of, for;

hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;

fyrir hræðslu, for fear;

illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;

gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;

fyrir því at, because, since, as;

12) against;

gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;

beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;

13) fyrir sér, of oneself;

mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;

minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;

14) denoting manner or quality, with;

hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;

II. with acc.

1) before, in front of;

halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;

2) before, into the presence of;

stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;

3) over;

hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;

kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;

4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;

ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;

5) round, off;

sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;

6) along, all along;

fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;

draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;

7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;

fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;

8) for, on behalf of;

vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;

lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;

9) for, for the benefit of;

þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);

10) for, instead of, in place of, as;

11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);

fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);

fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;

12) denoting value, price;

fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;

fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;

13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);

14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);

fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;

fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;

fyrir handan á, beyond the river;

fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;

III. as adverb or ellipt.

1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;

þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;

2) first;

mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;

3) at hand, present, to the fore;

föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;

þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);

4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;

Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;

e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).

* * *

prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]

WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.

2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.

3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.

II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.

2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).

3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.

4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.

III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.

IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.

V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.

B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.

2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.

C. METAPH.:

I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.

II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).

2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.

III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.

2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.

IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.

V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.

2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.

β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.

VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.

VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.

2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.

VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).

β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.

IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.

X. as adverb or ellipt.,

1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.

β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.

2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.

3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.

XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.

XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.

WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.

A. LOCAL:

I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.

2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.

3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.

4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).

II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.

III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.

2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.

IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.

B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.

C. METAPH.:

I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.

II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.

III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.

IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.

V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.

VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.

2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.

2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.

VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.

IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.

X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.

2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.

XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.

☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:

I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.

β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.

2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.

II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:

1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.

2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR
18 permettre

permettre [pεʀmεtʀ]

➭ TABLE 56

1. transitive verb

   a. to allow

• permettre à qn de faire qch to allow sb to do sth

• il se croit tout permis he thinks he can do what he likes

• est-il permis d'être aussi bête ! how can anyone be so stupid!

• ce diplôme va lui permettre de trouver du travail this qualification will enable him to find a job

• mes moyens ne me le permettent pas I can't afford it

• mes occupations ne me le permettent pas I'm too busy to do that

• sa santé ne le lui permet pas his state of health makes it impossible

• si le temps le permet weather permitting

   b. (sollicitation) vous permettez ? may I?

• permettez-moi de vous présenter ma sœur may I introduce my sister?

• vous permettez que je fume ? do you mind if I smoke?

• permets-moi de te le dire let me tell you

2. reflexive verb

► se permettre

   a. ( = s'offrir) to allow o.s.

• je ne peux pas me permettre d'acheter ce manteau I can't afford to buy this coat

   b. ( = risquer) [+ grossièreté, plaisanterie] to dare to make

• il se permet bien des choses he takes a lot of liberties

• je me permettrai de vous faire remarquer que... I'd like to point out (to you) that...

• je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de... (formule épistolaire) I am writing to you in connection with...

* * *
pɛʀmɛtʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( donner l'autorisation)

permettre à quelqu'un de faire quelque chose — to allow somebody to do something

permets-moi de te dire que — let me tell you that

permettez-moi d'ajouter que — I would like to add that

vous permettez que j'ouvre la fenêtre? — do you mind if I open the window?

(vous) permettez! j'étais là avant! — excuse me! I was here first!

ça, permettez-moi d'en douter — I'm sorry, I have my doubts about that

c'est pas permis (colloq) d'être aussi hypocrite! — how can anyone be such a hypocrite?

il est menteur comme c'est pas permis — (colloq) he's an incredible liar

il est permis de se poser des questions — one is entitled to wonder

tous les espoirs sont permis — there is every hope of success

2) ( donner les moyens)

permettre à quelqu'un de faire quelque chose — to allow ou enable somebody to do something

des mesures pour permettre une reprise rapide de l'économie — measures to ensure rapid economic recovery

si le temps le permet — weather permitting

je viendrai si mon emploi du temps (me) le permet — I'll come if my schedule allows ou permits

ce procédé permet de consommer moins d'énergie — this system makes it possible to use less energy

leurs moyens ne le leur permettent pas — they can't afford it

ma santé ne me permet pas de faire du sport — my health prevents me from doing any sport

autant qu'il est permis d'en juger — as far as one can tell

2.

se permettre verbe pronominal

je peux me permettre ce genre de plaisanterie avec lui — I can get away with telling him that kind of joke

puis-je me permettre une remarque? — might I say something?

se permettre de faire — to take the liberty of doing

je ne peux pas me permettre d'acheter une nouvelle voiture — I can't afford to buy a new car

puis-je me permettre de vous offrir un verre? — would you care for a drink?

puis-je me permettre de vous raccompagner? — might I be allowed to escort you home?

‘je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de...’ — ‘I'm writing to you about...’

* * *
pɛʀmɛtʀ vt
1) (= autoriser) to allow

permettre à qn de faire — to allow sb to do

permettre qch à qn — to allow sb sth

Sa mère lui permet de sortir le soir. — His mother allows him to go out at night.

2) ADMINISTRATION, [loi, règlement, officiel] to permit

comme la loi le permet — as allowed by law

3) (demande polie)

permettez-moi de vous contredire sur ce point — if I may contradict you on this point

J'ajouterai une dernière remarque si vous me le permettez. — I would like to add one last comment, if I may.

permettez! — excuse me!

4) (= rendre possible) to permit

Nous pensons pique-niquer si le temps le permet. — We're planning to have a picnic if the weather permits.

* * *

permettre verb table: mettre

A vtr

1 ( donner l'autorisation) to allow; je ne le permettrai pas I won't allow it; je ne permets pas qu'on dise du mal d'elle I won't hear a word against her; permettre à qn de faire qch to allow sb to do sth, to give sb permission to do sth; il nous a permis de sortir ce soir he allowed us ou gave us permission to go out tonight; est-ce que vous savez s'il est permis de fumer/prendre des photos ici? do you know if smoking is allowed here?/if you're allowed to take photos here?; permettez-moi de vous accompagner allow me to accompany you; permets-moi de te dire que let me tell you that; permettez-moi d'ajouter que I would like to add that; vous permettez que j'ouvre la fenêtre/que je fume? do you mind if I open the window/if I smoke?; (vous) permettez! j'étais là avant!/je n'ai pas dit cela! excuse me! I was here first!/I didn't say that!; ça, permettez-moi d'en douter I'm sorry, I have my doubts about that; c'est pas permis○ d'être aussi pingre/hypocrite! how can anyone be so stingy/such a hypocrite?; il est pingre/menteur comme c'est pas permis○ he's incredibly stingy/an incredible liar; il est permis de se poser des questions one is entitled to wonder; tous les espoirs sont permis there is every hope of success;

2 ( donner les moyens) des mesures pour permettre une reprise rapide de l'économie/la création de nouveaux emplois measures to ensure rapid economic recovery/the creation of new jobs; ça permet une meilleure tenue de route it ensures ou makes for better roadholding; si le temps le permet weather permitting; dès que les circonstances le permettront as soon as circumstances allow ou permit; je viendrai si mon emploi du temps (me) le permet I'll come if my schedule allows ou permits; ce procédé permet de consommer moins d'énergie this system makes it possible to use less energy; permettre à qn de faire to allow ou enable sb to do, to give sb the opportunity to do; ça m'a permis de travailler plus longtemps/d'économiser it allowed ou enabled me ou gave me the opportunity to work longer/to save money; un accord qui devrait permettre à la France d'exporter davantage an agreement that should enable ou allow France to export more; leurs moyens ne le leur permettent pas they can't afford it; ma santé ne me permet pas de faire du sport my health prevents me from doing any sport; autant qu'il est permis d'en juger as far as one can tell.

B se permettre vpr je peux me permettre ce genre de plaisanterie avec lui I can get away with telling him that kind of joke; il se permet bien des choses or bien des familiarités avec elle he takes a lot of liberties with her; puis-je me permettre une remarque? might I say something?; se permettre de faire to take the liberty of doing; il s'est permis d'entrer sans frapper/d'utiliser mon ordinateur he took the liberty of coming in without knocking/of using my computer; je me suis permis de lui faire la remarque/de lui dire ce que je pensais I ventured to point it out to him/to tell him what I thought, I took the liberty of pointing it out to him/of telling him what I thought; tu ne peux pas te permettre d'être en retard à ton rendez-vous you can't afford to be late for your appointment; je ne peux pas me permettre d'acheter une nouvelle voiture I can't afford to buy a new car; puis-je me permettre de vous offrir un verre? would you care for a drink?; puis-je me permettre de vous raccompagner? fml might I be allowed to escort you home?; ‘je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de…’ ‘I'm writing to you about…’.

[pɛrmɛtr] verbe transitif

1. [suj: personne] to allow

permettre à quelqu'un de faire quelque chose, permettre que quelqu'un fasse quelque chose to allow somebody to do something, to let somebody do something

je ne vous permets pas de me parler sur ce ton I won't have you speak to me in that tone of voice

il ne permettra pas qu'on insulte son frère he won't allow his brother to be insulted

[suj: chose] to allow, to permit, to enable

le train à grande vitesse permettra d'y aller en moins de deux heures the high-speed train will make it possible to get there in under two hours

sa lettre permet toutes les craintes her letter gives cause for concern

ce document permet d'entrer dans le secteur turc this document enables ou entitles you to enter the Turkish sector

votre mission ne permet pas d'erreur your mission leaves no room for error

si le temps/sa santé le permet weather/(his) health permitting

2. (tournure impersonnelle)

c'est permis? is it allowed ou permitted?

il n'est pas/il est permis de boire de l'alcool drinking is not/is allowed ou permitted

autant qu'il est permis d'en juger as far as it is possible to judge

est-il permis d'être aussi mal élevé? how can anyone be so rude?

elle est belle/insolente comme c'est pas permis she's outrageously beautiful/cheeky

un tel mauvais goût, ça devrait pas être ou c'est pas permis there should be a law against such bad taste

3. [dans des formules de politesse]

il reste un sandwich, vous permettez? may I have the last sandwich?

si vous me permettez l'expression if I may be allowed to say so, if you don't mind my saying

permettez-moi de ne pas partager votre avis I beg to differ

tu n'es pas sincère non plus, permets-moi de te le dire and you're not being honest either, let me tell you

non, mais tu permets que j'en place une? (familier) I'd like to get a word in, if you don't mind

ah permettez, j'étais là avant vous! do you mind, I was there before you!

————————

se permettre verbe pronominal transitif

1. [s'accorder] to allow ou to permit oneself

2. [oser] to dare

il se permet de petites entorses au règlement he's not averse to bending the rules now and then

elle se permettait n'importe quoi she thought she could get away with anything

des critiques, oh mais je ne me permettrais pas! (ironique) criticize? I wouldn't dare!

si je peux me permettre, je ne pense pas que ce soit une bonne idée if you don't mind my saying so, I don't think it's a very good idea

3. [pouvoir payer] to (be able to) afford

————————

se permettre de verbe pronominal plus préposition

to take the liberty

puis-je me permettre de vous rappeler mon nom/nos accords signés? may I remind you of my name/our binding agreements?

je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de mon fils I'm writing to you about my son

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > permettre
19 πρόκειμαι

πρόκειμαι (Hom.+; prim. ‘be set before one’) defective dep.

① to be open to public view, be exposed (of corpses lying in state Aeschyl., Sept. 965 al.) of Sodom and Gomorrah πρόκεινται δεῖγμα they are exhibited as an example Jd 7 (cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 103 καλὸν ὑπόδειγμα πρόκειται).

② to be present before one, lie before, be present (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 51) ἡ προθυμία πρόκειται willingness is present 2 Cor 8:12 (w. ἐπιτελεῖν [s. vs. 11], cp. SIG 671 B5 of royal goodwill). ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς instead of (ἀντί 1) the joy that was set before him, i.e. instead of the joy that was within his grasp he endured the cross Hb 12:2 (ERiggenbach; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. Hb 12:2: BZ 14, 1917, 44–61); s. also 3 below. ἡ προκειμένη ἐλπίς the hope that is set before 6:18 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 14 εὐδαιμονία πρόκειταί τινι παρὰ θεοῦ). πρόκειται it lies before (us), i.e. that is the question at issue (Diod S 8, 11, 4; Περὶ ὕψους 2, 3; 16, 1; Just., A II, 9, 5 τὸ προκείμενον=the subject under discussion) IPhld 8:2. οὐ γὰρ μικρὸς ἀγὼν πρόκειται περὶ σοῦ there is no small dispute concerning you GJs 20:11 (codd.; for the wording s. Hb 12:1 below).

③ to be subsequent to some point of time as prospect, of a goal or destination, w. dat. of pers. lie or be set before someone (Ael. Aristid. 31, 2 K.=11 p. 127 D.: μητρὶ πένθος πρόκειται; Ath. 18, 1 οὐ … προκείμενον μοι ἐλέγχειν τὰ εἴδωλα) ὁ προκείμενος ἡμῖν σκοπός the goal that is set before us 1 Cl 63:1 (s. σκοπός). ὁ προκείμενος ἡμῖν ἀγών (s. ἀγών 1) Hb 12:1. Without a dat. (Diod S 4, 42, 7) IMg 5:1. τὸ προκείμενον ζῆν the life that is set before (you) IEph 17:1.—Also be in prospect (Jos., Ant. 1, 14; 8, 208.—Diod S 15, 60, 1 [a prize] and Περὶ ὕψους p. 66, 20 V. of wages that have been allowed; Tat. 23, 1): so perh. (s. 2) Hb 12:2: for (ἀντί 1 and 3) the joy that was in prospect for him (so Windisch², Strathmann; cp. Moffatt; NRSV).—M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πρόκειμαι
20 devancer

devancer [d(ə)vɑ̃se]

➭ TABLE 3 transitive verb

   a. ( = distancer) to get ahead of

• il m'a devancé de trois minutes/points he beat me by three minutes/points

   b. ( = précéder) to arrive before

• il m'a devancé aux feux he got to the lights before me

   c. [+ question, désir] to anticipate

• j'allais le faire mais il m'a devancé I was going to do it but he got there first

* * *
dəvɑ̃se
verbe transitif

1) ( avoir de l'avance sur) to be ahead of, to outstrip [adversaire, concurrent]

2) ( précéder)

les pompiers ont devancé la police sur les lieux de l'accident — the fire brigade got to the scene of the accident ahead of ou before the police

3) ( anticiper sur) to anticipate [revendication, désir]; to forestall, to pre-empt [attaque, critiques]

4) ( faire avant la date prévue)

devancer l'appel — to enlist for military service before call-up

* * *
d(ə)vɑ̃se vt
1) (= être devant) to be ahead of, (= distancer) to get ahead of, (= arriver avant) to arrive before

2) (= prévenir) [échéance, les désirs de qn] to anticipate

3) MILITAIRE

devancer l'appel — to enlist before call-up

4) (faire qch avant)

J'avais l'intention faire un peu de rangement mais tu m'as devancé, à ce que je vois. — I'd intended to tidy up a bit, but I see you've beaten me to it.

* * *

devancer verb table: placer vtr

1 ( avoir de l'avance sur) to be ahead of, to outstrip [adversaire, concurrent]; pour l'instant, il devance son rival de 12 minutes/2 000 voix/100 mètres at the moment, he is 12 minutes/2,000 votes/100 metres^GB ahead of his opponent; un penseur qui a devancé ses contemporains a thinker who is ahead of his time; dans la course aux exportations, nous avons été devancés par nos concurrents our competitors have outstripped us in the exports league;

2 ( précéder) les pompiers ont devancé la police sur les lieux de l'accident the fire brigade got to the scene of the accident ahead of ou before the police;

3 ( anticiper sur) to anticipate [revendication, désir]; to forestall, to pre-empt [attaque, critiques];

4 ( faire avant la date prévue) devancer l'appel to enlist for military service before call-up; devancer l'échéance d'un paiement to settle a payment before the due date.

[dəvɑ̃se] verbe transitif

1. [dans l'espace - coureur, peloton] to get ahead of, to outdistance

je la devançais de quelques mètres I was a few metres ahead of her

2. [dans le temps] to arrive ahead of

elle m'avait devancé de deux jours she had arrived two days before me

devancer l'appel

a. MILITAIRE to enlist before call-up

b. (figuré) to jump the gun

3. [agir avant - personne]

tu m'as devancé, c'est ce que je voulais lui offrir/lui dire you beat me to it, that's just what I wanted to give her/to say to her

il s'est fait devancer par les autres the others got there before him

4. FINANCE

devancer la date d'un paiement to make a payment before it falls due

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > devancer

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